Organo-metallic pollutants of distillery effluent and their toxicity on freshwater fish and germinating Zea mays seeds

Anaerobically treated molasses-based distilleries spent wash is a major source of terrestrial and aquatic pollution due to the mixture various unknown organometallic compounds in discharged waste. The nature pollutants present effluent has be characterized prior evaluation their fate environment at tropic levels. absorption maxima (λmax) were obtained 295 nm which indicated that melanoidins are colorant along with other organic compounds. Abundantly identified GC–MS found: 1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2-methyl-3H-2-benzazepine-3-one, 6-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazole [4,5-c] pyridine, 4,6-di-t-butyl-1H, 3H-thieno[3,4-c] thiophene, butanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester, silane, (dodecyloxy)trimethylsilyl 4-styryl [2,2] paracyclophane, 4-(p-cumylphenoxy) phthalonitrile, hexadecanoic butyl squalene. Some these known mutagenic androgenic properties. toxicity test post-methanated distillery (PMDE) showed direct toxic effects on catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) even 1% (v/v) concentration caused degeneration primary secondary lamellae gill epithelial layer. Further, higher concentrations between 5 10% PMDE loss gills, liver catalase activity was also increased dramatically H. fossilis, indicating generation oxidative free radicals. Similarly, inhibition α-amylase activities germinating Zea mays L. (Maize) seeds noted PMDE. This study confirmed environmental freshwater fish seeds.